Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri)

Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri) Care Sheet

The Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri), also known as Baker’s Spiny-Tailed Iguana, is a highly specialised and critically endangered iguana found only on the island of Utila in Honduras.

Unlike many better-known Ctenosaura, this species is strongly associated with mangrove habitat, particularly coastal and swampy areas containing dense roots, trunks, branches and nearby sandy nesting sites. It is primarily arboreal and makes extensive use of elevated perches within mangrove vegetation.

Because of its tiny natural range, conservation status and regulated international trade, Ctenosaura bakeri should never be treated as an ordinary commodity pet. Captive animals should come only from clearly documented legal captive-breeding stock.

Successful husbandry requires:

  • A large, tall enclosure
  • Extensive heavy climbing structure
  • Strong visible lighting
  • Appropriate high-quality UVB
  • A broad basking area
  • Warm daytime temperatures
  • Moderate-to-high humidity with excellent ventilation
  • Deep substrate and secure retreats
  • Access to fresh water
  • A predominantly herbivorous adult diet
  • Careful seasonal management
  • Minimal forced handling
  • Strict attention to legal provenance

Quick facts

Scientific name: Ctenosaura bakeri
Common names: Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana, Baker’s Spiny-Tailed Iguana
Family: Iguanidae
Distribution: Utila Island, Bay Islands, Honduras
Lifestyle: Primarily arboreal/scansorial, with terrestrial nesting activity
Activity: Diurnal
Adult size: Males approximately 31.5 cm (12.4 in) snout-to-vent length; females approximately 23 cm (9 in) SVL, with total length substantially greater because of the tail
Diet: Predominantly herbivorous as adults, with opportunistic animal prey
Day ambient temperature: Approximately 27–30°C (81–86°F)
Basking surface: Approximately 38–42°C (100–108°F)
Cool area: Approximately 24–27°C (75–81°F)
Night temperature: Approximately 21–24°C (70–75°F)
General humidity: Approximately 60–80%, with good ventilation and natural fluctuations
UVB: Essential for high-quality long-term husbandry
Suggested basking UVI: Approximately 4–6, with shaded retreats below 1 and areas approaching zero
Adult enclosure: At least approximately 180 × 90 × 180 cm (6 × 3 × 6 ft) for one adult; larger strongly preferred
Housing: Individual housing safest
Reproduction: Egg-laying
Conservation: Critically Endangered
International trade: CITES Appendix II
Experience level: Advanced/specialist


Taxonomy

The accepted scientific name is:

Ctenosaura bakeri

It belongs to:

Family: Iguanidae
Genus: Ctenosaura

The Reptile Database recognises Ctenosaura bakeri as a valid species with no currently recognised subspecies.

Older literature may use:

Enyaliosaurus bakeri

or occasionally place the species within the subgenus Loganiosaura.


Common names

Common names include:

  • Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana
  • Baker’s Spiny-Tailed Iguana
  • Swamper
  • Wishiwilly
  • Garrobo

The name “Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana” is particularly useful because it reflects the species’ extremely restricted geographic origin.


Distribution

Ctenosaura bakeri is endemic to:

Utila Island, Honduras.

It is not naturally distributed across mainland Central America or neighbouring Bay Islands.


Restricted range

The species has one of the smallest ranges of any Ctenosaura.

Historical assessments estimated its total range at approximately:

10 km²

with nesting habitat restricted to roughly:

100 hectares of suitable beach habitat.

This extremely small distribution is one reason the species is of major conservation concern.


Natural habitat

The Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana is unusual among iguanas because it is strongly associated with:

mangrove forest.

The IUCN action plan describes the species as occurring almost exclusively within the dynamic mangrove habitat of Utila.

Typical habitat includes:

  • White mangroves
  • Red mangroves
  • Coastal swamp
  • Dense root networks
  • Driftwood
  • Elevated branches
  • High humidity
  • Nearby sandy nesting areas

Arboreal behaviour

The species is substantially more arboreal than many larger Ctenosaura.

Adults frequently use:

  • Branches
  • Mangrove trunks
  • Roots
  • Elevated basking positions

Captive housing should therefore emphasise:

height and climbing opportunity.


Terrestrial activity

Although strongly arboreal, animals descend to:

  • Forage
  • Move between habitat patches
  • Search for nest sites

Females must leave mangrove habitat to access suitable:

dry sandy nesting areas.


Mangroves and nesting

One of the most unusual aspects of the species’ ecology is the separation between:

  • Wet mangrove living habitat
  • Drier sandy nesting areas

A captive female therefore needs access to deep, warm, relatively well-drained nesting substrate even though the general enclosure is more humid than that of many other spiny-tailed iguanas.


Activity

Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguanas are:

diurnal.

They require bright daytime illumination and reliable basking opportunities.


Basking

Provide a large, elevated basking platform or branch capable of warming the:

whole animal.

A tiny concentrated hotspot is inferior to a broad basking zone.


Enclosure size

For one adult, provide at least approximately:

180 × 90 × 180 cm (6 × 3 × 6 ft).

Because this species is substantially arboreal, height should not be sacrificed.


Preferred housing

Where possible:

240 × 120 × 200 cm (8 × 4 × 6½ ft)

or larger is preferable.

Large planted walk-in enclosures are particularly appropriate for adult males.


Why generous space matters

A larger enclosure provides:

  • Better thermal gradients
  • More climbing routes
  • More basking positions
  • Greater visual security
  • More exercise
  • Better separation of wet and dry microhabitats

Enclosure orientation

Housing should be:

tall, deep and structurally complex.


Climbing structure

Provide a dense network of:

  • Thick branches
  • Cork tubes
  • Trunks
  • Root structures
  • Shelves
  • Elevated platforms

Branch thickness

Provide several branch diameters.

Large adults should have stable perches thick enough to support:

  • Body
  • Feet
  • Tail

comfortably.


Horizontal perches

Horizontal and gently sloping branches are particularly useful beneath:

  • Heat
  • UVB

Vertical climbing

Also include:

  • Vertical trunks
  • Rough bark
  • Textured backgrounds

to increase usable surface area.


Branch security

Every heavy branch must be:

firmly anchored.

Large iguanas can dislodge poorly secured furnishings.


Dense foliage

Provide substantial visual cover using:

  • Live plants
  • Artificial foliage
  • Branch clusters

Suitable planting

Possible robust plants include:

  • Ficus
  • Hibiscus
  • Schefflera
  • Pothos
  • Philodendron

provided they are non-toxic and able to tolerate the enclosure.


Plant damage

Adult iguanas may:

  • Climb through plants
  • Break branches
  • Eat leaves
  • Dig roots

Plants should be considered both décor and enrichment rather than permanent untouched landscaping.


Visual barriers

A nervous iguana should be able to retreat from direct view.

Covering or heavily furnishing:

two to three enclosure sides

is often useful.


Hides

Provide multiple secure refuges such as:

  • Cork tubes
  • Hollow logs
  • Artificial tree cavities
  • Dense elevated foliage
  • Ground-level shelters

Warm hide

Provide at least one secure retreat toward the:

warm side.


Cool hide

Provide another retreat in the:

cooler area.


Substrate

Suitable substrates include mixes of:

  • Organic topsoil
  • Coco fibre
  • Fine bark
  • Sand
  • Leaf litter

General substrate depth

Provide approximately:

10–15 cm (4–6 in)

across most of the floor.


Deeper substrate sections

Provide deeper sections around:

20–30 cm (8–12 in)

where practical.

These improve:

  • Digging opportunity
  • Humidity gradients
  • Naturalistic behaviour

Female nesting area

Adult females require access to:

deep, dry-to-slightly-moist, diggable nesting substrate.

Provide approximately:

30–45 cm (12–18 in)

depth as a useful minimum.


Nesting substrate

A good mixture can contain:

  • Soil
  • Sand
  • Small amounts of coco fibre

It should:

  • Hold a tunnel
  • Remain slightly moist below the surface
  • Not be saturated
  • Be warm enough to encourage laying

Temperature

Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguanas require strong daytime warmth with:

substantial cooler retreats.


Day ambient temperature

Maintain most of the enclosure around:

27–30°C (81–86°F).


Warm upper zone

Elevated areas around the basking site may reach:

30–32°C (86–90°F).


Basking surface

Provide approximately:

38–42°C (100–108°F)

across a broad basking surface.


Cool area

Maintain cooler shaded areas around:

24–27°C (75–81°F).


Thermal choice

The animal should always be able to choose among:

  • Hot exposed basking
  • Warm branches
  • Shaded foliage
  • Cool retreat
  • Moist substrate

Night temperature

Allow nighttime temperatures to fall toward approximately:

21–24°C (70–75°F).


Seasonal variation

Utila has seasonal changes in:

  • Rainfall
  • Temperature
  • Day length

Captive animals benefit from modest seasonal changes rather than exactly identical conditions all year.


Heating

Use overhead:

halogen flood lamps

or comparable radiant heat sources.


Broad heating

Large animals benefit from multiple overlapping lamps rather than one narrow high-intensity spot.


Thermostat

Use suitable thermostatic control or independent safety regulation.


Monitoring temperatures

Use:

  • Digital air thermometers
  • Infrared thermometer

to measure:

  • Warm air
  • Cool air
  • Basking branches
  • Nesting areas

Lighting

This is a diurnal, visually oriented iguana.

Provide:

bright daytime illumination.


Visible-spectrum lighting

High-output LED or daylight lighting can supplement:

  • UVB
  • Basking lamps

to create a properly bright enclosure.


Photoperiod

Approximately:

12 hours light / 12 hours dark

is a useful general baseline.

A moderate seasonal adjustment is appropriate.


Night lighting

Provide:

complete darkness at night.

Avoid permanently illuminated coloured bulbs.


UVB

Strong appropriate UVB is essential.


Suggested UV Index

Provide approximately:

UVI 4–6

at the principal exposed basking perch.


UV gradient

Also provide:

  • UVI 2–3 in partially shaded branches
  • UVI below 1 in heavy foliage
  • Retreats approaching UVI 0

UV choice

The lizard must never be forced to remain under high UVB continuously.


UVB lamp

A high-quality:

linear T5 UVB system

is generally appropriate.


UVB and mesh

Actual UV output depends on:

  • Lamp model
  • Reflector
  • Mesh
  • Distance
  • Basking height

UV meter

Where possible, measure actual UVI with a suitable UV meter.


Humidity

The mangrove ecology of C. bakeri means it should generally be maintained at higher humidity than many dry-forest Ctenosaura.


General humidity

A useful general target is approximately:

60–80%.


Temporary peaks

Humidity may rise toward:

80–90%

after misting or overnight.


Drying cycle

Do not keep every surface continuously wet.

Branches and exposed surfaces should have opportunities to:

dry between misting events.


Ventilation

High humidity must be combined with:

excellent airflow.


Misting

Mist approximately:

once or twice daily

depending on enclosure ventilation and local climate.

Automated rainfall systems can work particularly well.


Humid retreats

Provide humid microhabitats within:

  • Deep substrate
  • Cork
  • Root structures

Water

Provide fresh clean drinking water at all times.

A large basin suitable for partial or complete soaking is beneficial.


Water hygiene

Replace water whenever contaminated.

Large iguanas may readily:

  • Defecate in water
  • Drag substrate into bowls

Diet

Adult Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguanas are generally considered:

predominantly herbivorous.

CITES assessments describe the diet as mainly plant-based with opportunistic feeding on small invertebrates.


Plant-based foundation

Adult diets should consist primarily of:

  • Leafy greens
  • Browse
  • Flowers
  • Vegetables
  • Limited fruit

Suitable leafy greens

Useful options include:

  • Collard greens
  • Mustard greens
  • Turnip greens
  • Dandelion greens
  • Endive
  • Escarole
  • Chicory
  • Rocket/arugula
  • Mulberry leaves
  • Hibiscus leaves

Browse

Where safe and pesticide-free, fresh browse can provide excellent:

  • Fibre
  • Enrichment
  • Natural feeding behaviour

Flowers

Suitable pesticide-free flowers include:

  • Hibiscus
  • Dandelion
  • Nasturtium
  • Rose petals
  • Squash flowers

Vegetables

Useful additions include:

  • Squash
  • Courgette/zucchini
  • Bell pepper
  • Okra
  • Green beans
  • Parsnip

Fruit

Fruit should remain a:

minor component.

Examples include:

  • Papaya
  • Mango
  • Fig
  • Berries
  • Melon

Animal prey

Although primarily herbivorous, C. bakeri is opportunistic.

The Reptile Database records observations of the species consuming other lizards, including:

  • Green Iguanas
  • Common House Geckos

This does not mean vertebrates should form a routine captive diet.


Juvenile diet

Young animals can be expected to take a greater proportion of:

invertebrate prey

than adults.

Suitable feeders include:

  • Roaches
  • Crickets
  • Locusts
  • Black soldier fly larvae
  • Silkworms

alongside plant foods from an early age.


Adult insect feeding

Adult animals may receive small amounts of:

live invertebrate prey occasionally.


Rodents

Routine rodent feeding is:

unnecessary.


Meat-based diets

Do not feed adult C. bakeri as if it were a carnivorous monitor lizard.


Calcium

Provide appropriate calcium supplementation.


Multivitamin

Use a suitable reptile multivitamin on a sensible schedule.


Vitamin D3

Dietary D3 supplementation should be considered alongside actual UVB exposure.


Adult feeding frequency

Offer fresh plant food:

daily or most days.


Juvenile feeding

Juveniles can receive:

daily food

with proportionally more insects during rapid growth.


Body condition

Adults should remain:

  • Muscular
  • Lean
  • Active

Obesity

Avoid excessive:

  • Fruit
  • Fatty feeders
  • Animal protein
  • Overall calories

Handling

Handling should be based on:

trust rather than forced restraint.


Captive-bred behaviour

Captive-bred animals may become highly accustomed to:

  • Keeper presence
  • Feeding
  • Target training
  • Routine enclosure work

Forced capture

Repeated chasing can make an animal increasingly:

  • Defensive
  • Fearful
  • Difficult to manage

Target training

Target training is particularly useful with intelligent larger iguanas.

It can assist with:

  • Weighing
  • Moving between enclosures
  • Veterinary transport
  • Routine management

Necessary handling

When restraint is unavoidable:

  • Secure the room
  • Support the entire body
  • Control the hindquarters gently
  • Avoid squeezing
  • Protect the face from the tail

Tail

Never lift the animal by:

the tail.


Bite safety

Large adults possess powerful jaws.

A serious bite can cause:

  • Deep wounds
  • Bleeding
  • Tissue damage

Social housing

Individual housing is the:

safest default.


Males

Adult males can be territorial.

Do not routinely house multiple adult males together.


Male and female housing

Permanent pair housing may lead to:

  • Persistent courtship
  • Repeated mating
  • Female stress

Multiple females

Some females may tolerate one another in very large enclosures, but compatibility must be assessed individually.


Signs of social stress

Watch for:

  • Chasing
  • Biting
  • Tail striking
  • Feeding suppression
  • Persistent hiding
  • Weight loss
  • Exclusion from basking

Reproduction

Ctenosaura bakeri is:

oviparous — egg-laying.


Wild nesting ecology

Females leave the mangrove environment and use:

dry sandy terrestrial sites

for nesting.

This ecological distinction should be reproduced in captivity.


Breeding condition

Only breed adults that are:

  • Fully mature
  • Healthy
  • Well hydrated
  • Skeletally strong
  • In good body condition

Female preparation

Females require:

  • Strong UVB
  • Appropriate calcium
  • Deep nesting substrate
  • Excellent hydration
  • Adequate energy reserves

Courtship

Males may display using:

  • Head bobbing
  • Postural changes
  • Dorsal spines
  • Pursuit

Gravid females

A gravid female may:

  • Increase basking
  • Become restless
  • Reduce feeding near laying
  • Dig repeatedly

Nesting depth

Provide approximately:

30–45 cm (12–18 in)

of diggable nesting substrate.


Clutch size

Published biological information indicates that females generally lay:

moderate-to-large clutches, often around 10–20 eggs,

although individual variation should be expected.

Because species-specific reproductive data are considerably less extensive than for common captive iguanas, precise clutch expectations should not be treated as absolute.


Egg handling

If eggs are removed for artificial incubation:

  • Handle gently
  • Avoid unnecessary rotation
  • Maintain orientation
  • Prevent dehydration

Incubation medium

Suitable media include:

  • Vermiculite
  • Perlite

maintained:

moist but not saturated.


Incubation temperature

A conservative captive range is approximately:

28–30°C (82–86°F).


Incubation duration

Expect approximately:

80–100 days

as a practical working range, with incubation time varying according to temperature and clutch conditions.


Avoid excessive heat

Do not increase incubation temperature simply to accelerate development.


Hatchlings

Hatchlings should normally be maintained separately from adults.


Hatchling enclosure

Provide:

  • Secure housing
  • Fine branches
  • Dense visual cover
  • Cork retreats
  • UVB
  • Broad basking
  • Fresh water

Hatchling temperature

Maintain daytime ambient temperatures around:

27–30°C (81–86°F).


Hatchling basking

Provide approximately:

35–39°C (95–102°F)

across a suitable basking area.


Hatchling cool area

Maintain approximately:

24–27°C (75–81°F).


Hatchling night temperature

Allow temperatures to fall toward:

21–24°C (70–75°F).


Hatchling humidity

Maintain approximately:

60–80%

with good airflow and opportunities for exposed surfaces to dry.


Hatchling UVB

Provide approximately:

UVI 3–4

at accessible exposed perches.


Hatchling diet

Offer:

  • Small roaches
  • Small crickets
  • Black soldier fly larvae
  • Silkworms

alongside finely chopped:

  • Greens
  • Flowers
  • Vegetables

Plant foods from the beginning

Vegetation should be introduced immediately rather than waiting for adulthood.


Hatchling feeding

Offer food:

daily.


Hatchling supplementation

Provide:

  • Proper gut loading
  • Calcium
  • Appropriate multivitamin supplementation
  • Correct UVB

Quarantine

All newly acquired animals should undergo quarantine.

At least:

90 days

is a sensible minimum.


Parasite screening

Veterinary faecal testing is particularly useful for:

  • Animals of uncertain origin
  • Wild-origin animals
  • Animals losing weight
  • Animals with abnormal faeces

Common health concerns

Potential problems include:

  • Metabolic bone disease
  • Nutritional imbalance
  • Obesity
  • Burns
  • Dehydration
  • Respiratory disease
  • Parasites
  • Rostral trauma
  • Social injuries
  • Reproductive complications

Metabolic bone disease

Possible signs include:

  • Tremors
  • Soft jaw
  • Weakness
  • Limb deformity
  • Spinal deformity
  • Fractures

MBD prevention

Provide:

  • Correct UVB
  • Appropriate calcium
  • Balanced diet
  • Correct temperatures

Humidity-related problems

Keeping the enclosure too dry may contribute to:

  • Dehydration
  • Poor shedding

while excessive wetness combined with poor ventilation may promote:

  • Dermatitis
  • Respiratory disease
  • Fungal growth

Burns

High-output basking equipment can cause serious thermal injury.

Animals must never be able to:

touch heating elements.


Obesity

Potential causes include:

  • Excessive fruit
  • Excessive animal protein
  • Overfeeding
  • Insufficient exercise

Respiratory disease

Warning signs include:

  • Wheezing
  • Clicking
  • Nasal discharge
  • Increased respiratory effort
  • Open-mouth breathing away from the basking area

Reproductive problems

Females may suffer from:

  • Calcium depletion
  • Follicular disease
  • Egg retention
  • Dystocia

Possible dystocia

Seek veterinary help for:

  • Persistent unsuccessful digging
  • Straining
  • Severe lethargy
  • Weakness
  • Persistent abdominal enlargement

Veterinary red flags

Consult a suitably experienced reptile veterinarian for:

  • Persistent anorexia
  • Significant weight loss
  • Tremors
  • Weakness
  • Serious wounds
  • Burns
  • Abnormal breathing
  • Persistent abnormal faeces
  • Prolapse
  • Suspected reproductive difficulty

Enrichment

Useful enrichment includes:

  • Branch rearrangement
  • Browse feeding
  • Target training
  • Different basking levels
  • Deep substrate
  • Food scattering
  • Elevated feeding stations

Bioactive housing

Large naturalistic enclosures can work extremely well.

A bioactive substrate can support:

  • Plant growth
  • Digging
  • Humidity gradients
  • Naturalistic behaviour

Clean-up crew

Suitable species may include:

  • Springtails
  • Appropriate tropical isopods

provided conditions suit both the iguana and clean-up crew.


Bioactive does not mean maintenance-free

Continue to remove:

  • Faeces
  • Spoiled food
  • Dead prey
  • Excess mould

Outdoor housing

In suitable climates and seasons, secure outdoor housing can provide:

  • Natural sunlight
  • Fresh air
  • Enrichment
  • Large usable space

Outdoor security

Outdoor housing must be:

  • Escape-proof
  • Dig-resistant
  • Climb-resistant
  • Predator-proof

Natural sunlight

Unfiltered sunlight is an excellent source of UVB.

Glass and many plastics block most useful ultraviolet radiation.


Outdoor shade

Always provide:

  • Deep shade
  • Fresh water
  • Cooler retreats

Conservation status

The Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana is classified as:

Critically Endangered.


Conservation threats

Major threats include:

  • Mangrove destruction
  • Coastal development
  • Tourism development
  • Habitat fragmentation
  • Loss of nesting beaches
  • Wildlife trade
  • Human disturbance

The IUCN action plan identifies ongoing habitat destruction and development on Utila as central threats.


Extremely small wild population

Historical assessments have suggested only a few thousand individuals may remain.

Older estimates ranged from approximately:

3,000 to 10,000 individuals

although these should not be interpreted as a precise current population count.


CITES

Ctenosaura bakeri has been listed under:

CITES Appendix II since 2010.

It was one of several threatened Honduran Ctenosaura listed before the remainder of the genus was added to Appendix II in 2019.


Legal provenance

This is particularly important for C. bakeri.

Retain:

  • Purchase records
  • Breeder records
  • CITES documentation
  • Import/export permits
  • Hatch records
  • Parentage information
  • Locality documentation

Captive-bred only

For private husbandry, documented:

captive-bred animals should be the standard.

Wild collection of a Critically Endangered island endemic is entirely inappropriate for ordinary hobby acquisition.


Conservation breeding

Captive breeding can have genuine conservation value when:

  • Lineages are documented
  • Parentage is recorded
  • Animals are legally held
  • Genetics are managed responsibly

Hybridisation

Natural hybridisation between:

Ctenosaura bakeri** and Ctenosaura similis**

has been documented.

In captivity, these species should not be deliberately hybridised.

Preserving pure, documented C. bakeri bloodlines is especially important because the species is Critically Endangered.


Do not deliberately produce hybrids

Conservation-value breeding stock should remain:

taxonomically and genealogically documented.


Never release captive animals

Never release a captive animal into Utila or any other wild habitat.

Unmanaged release could:

  • Introduce pathogens
  • Alter wild genetics
  • Undermine conservation programmes
  • Violate legislation

Common husbandry mistakes

Common mistakes include:

  • Treating the species exactly like a dry-country Ctenosaura
  • Providing insufficient height
  • Providing too little floor space
  • Providing too few branches
  • Providing no elevated secure retreats
  • Keeping the enclosure too dry
  • Keeping humidity high without ventilation
  • Providing no deep nesting area
  • Providing a tiny concentrated basking spot
  • Heating the whole enclosure excessively
  • Providing no cool retreat
  • Providing weak UVB
  • Using UVB lamp percentage instead of actual UVI
  • Keeping the enclosure dim
  • Feeding adults too much animal protein
  • Feeding excessive fruit
  • Poor calcium provision
  • Routine rodent feeding
  • Excessive forced handling
  • Housing incompatible adults together
  • Failing to quarantine
  • Purchasing undocumented animals
  • Losing CITES records
  • Deliberately hybridising C. bakeri with other Ctenosaura
  • Releasing captive animals

Responsible ownership

Before obtaining a Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana, ensure you can provide:

  • A very large, tall enclosure
  • At least approximately 180 × 90 × 180 cm (6 × 3 × 6 ft)
  • Extensive heavy climbing structure
  • Multiple elevated retreats
  • Deep substrate
  • A substantial sandy nesting area for females
  • Bright visible lighting
  • Strong appropriate UVB
  • UVI approximately 4–6 at the principal basking area
  • Broad basking temperatures around 38–42°C (100–108°F)
  • Cooler shaded retreats
  • Humidity around 60–80% with excellent airflow
  • Fresh water
  • A predominantly plant-based adult diet
  • Correct supplementation
  • Minimal forced handling
  • Individual housing where needed
  • Quarantine facilities
  • Experienced reptile veterinary care
  • Complete CITES and provenance documentation
  • Responsible lineage management
  • Long-term commitment

Summary

The Utila Spiny-Tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri) is a Critically Endangered island endemic found only on Utila in Honduras.

Unlike many other Ctenosaura, it is strongly associated with:

mangrove forest

and is substantially arboreal.

For one adult, provide at least approximately:

180 × 90 × 180 cm (6 × 3 × 6 ft),

with larger accommodation strongly preferred.

Provide:

  • Extensive climbing branches
  • Elevated hides
  • Deep substrate
  • A dedicated sandy nesting area for females
  • Bright visible lighting
  • Excellent ventilation

Maintain daytime ambient temperatures around:

27–30°C (81–86°F)

with a broad basking surface around:

38–42°C (100–108°F).

Provide cooler retreats around:

24–27°C (75–81°F)

and nighttime temperatures around:

21–24°C (70–75°F).

Maintain approximately:

60–80% humidity

with natural fluctuations and good airflow.

Provide strong UVB with approximately:

UVI 4–6

at exposed basking positions and extensive shade.

Adults should receive a:

predominantly herbivorous diet

based upon leafy greens, browse, flowers and vegetables, with fruit limited and animal prey used only opportunistically or occasionally.

The species is:

egg-laying

and females require deep, warm, well-drained nesting substrate.

Ctenosaura bakeri is:

Critically Endangered

and regulated under:

CITES Appendix II.

Only documented captive-bred animals should be considered, and conservation-value bloodlines should be preserved rather than deliberately hybridised.


IMPORTANT INFORMATION:

This care sheet provides general husbandry guidance and does not replace species-specific research or veterinary advice. Individual requirements may vary.

Always check current legislation governing the acquisition, collection, import, transport, keeping, breeding or sale of reptiles in your jurisdiction.

If you have concerns about an animal’s health or care, consult a suitably experienced exotic or reptile veterinarian.

Information correct at the date of publication.

reptilecommunity.com | Revised: August 2026